實作內容：https://github.com/ceparadise168/cart

建立 Cart 套件

目標:

設計一個購物車物件，這個物件可以增加商品、計算總價、回傳商品總數量。
設計成能以 PSR-4 載入的套件。
重構商品
重構購物車
增加購物車功能
發佈套件
研究 CircleCI

建立專案

composer create-project laravel/laravel Cart --prefer-dist

移動到專案目錄下

cd Cart

建立套件

建立套件目錄，格式為 packges/開發商(作者)/套件名稱，並建立兩個資料夾分別為 src、tests

    mkdir -p packges/ceparadise168/cart/src
    
    mkdir -p packges/ceparadise168/cart/test

    cd packges/ceparadise168/cart

初始化 composer 設定，安裝 phpunit

    composer init

    composer require phpunit/phpunit --dev

composer.json 如下

{
    "name": "ceparadise168/cart",
    "authors": [
        {
            "name": "Eric Tu",
            "email": "ceparadise168@gmail.com"
        }
    ],
    "require": {},
    "require-dev": {
        "phpunit/phpunit": "^8.5"
    },
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "Ceparadise168\\Cart\\": "src/"
        }
    },
    "autoload-dev": {
        "psr-4": {
            "Ceparadise168\\Cart\\Tests\\": "tests/"
        }
    }
}

讓 composer 根據我們指定的方式產生映射

composer dump-autoload

可以到這邊看結果

packges\ceparadise168\cart\vendor\composer\autoload_psr4.php

新增 packges\ceparadise168\cart\src\Cart.php

<?php

namespace Ceparadise168\Cart;

class Cart
{
    private $items = [];
    public function result()
    {
        return 'test';
    }
}

驗證套件

回到專案根目錄底下的 composer.json，在 autoload 的地方加入對應資訊，

格式為 "Vendor\Namespace\": "path"

    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "App\\": "app/",
            "Ceparadise168\\Cart\\": "packges/ceparadise168/cart/src"
        },
        "classmap": [
            "database/seeds",
            "database/factories"
        ]
    },

composer dump-autoload

在 routes\web.php 中修改 / 回傳方便驗證結果

<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use Ceparadise168\Cart\Cart;

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Web Routes
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here is where you can register web routes for your application. These
| routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which
| contains the "web" middleware group. Now create something great!
|
*/

Route::get('/', function () {
    /*
    return view('welcome');
    */
    $cart = new Cart();
    return $cart->result();
});

利用 php artisan serve 啟動專案並訪問 http://127.0.0.1:8000，就可以看到 test 了

$ php artisan serve
Laravel development server started: http://127.0.0.1:8000
[Wed Jul  8 07:11:15 2020] 127.0.0.1:55141 [200]: /favicon.ico

規劃及開發 Cart 套件

準備測試環境

回到套件目錄準備測試環境

cd packges/ceparadise168/cart

先前已經安裝過 phpunit 了，直接下指令生成 phpunit.xml

$ vendor/bin/phpunit --generate-configuration
PHPUnit 8.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Generating phpunit.xml in C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart

Bootstrap script (relative to path shown above; default: vendor/autoload.php):
Tests directory (relative to path shown above; default: tests):
Source directory (relative to path shown above; default: src):

Generated phpunit.xml in C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart

建立一個 CartTest

touch tests/CartTest.php

<?php

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class CartTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testHello()
    {
        $string = 'hello';

        $this->assertEquals('hello', $string);
    }
}

執行測試確認測試功能正常

$ ./vendor/bin/phpunit
PHPUnit 8.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Runtime:       PHP 7.2.31 with Xdebug 2.8.1
Configuration: C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart\phpunit.xml

.                                                                   1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 489 ms, Memory: 4.00 MB

OK (1 test, 1 assertion)

採用 TDD 方式新增購物車基本功能

增加商品
取得所有商品
計算總價
計算總數量

撰寫測試增加商品到購物車的測試

    public function testPutItemToCartAndAssertCartItem()
    {
        $cart = new Cart();
        $item = [
            'name' => 'pen',
            'price' => 100,
            'qty' => 1
        ];
        $cart->putItem($item);

        $this->assertEquals([], array_diff_assoc($item, $cart->getItems()));
    }

執行測試，發現得到紅燈，測試失敗。因為 Cart 還沒有實作 putItem()、getItems()

$ ./vendor/bin/phpunit
PHPUnit 8.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Runtime:       PHP 7.2.31 with Xdebug 2.8.1
Configuration: C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart\phpunit.xml

E.                                                                  2 / 2 (100%)

Time: 470 ms, Memory: 4.00 MB

There was 1 error:

1) CartTest::testPutItemToCartAndAssertCartItem
Error: Call to undefined method Ceparadise168\Cart\Cart::putItem()

C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart\tests\CartTest.php:23

ERRORS!
Tests: 2, Assertions: 1, Errors: 1.

實作 putItem()、getItems()

<?php

namespace Ceparadise168\Cart;

class Cart
{
    private $items = [];
    public function result()
    {
        return 'test';
    }

    public function putItem($item = [])
    {
        $this->items[] = $item;

        return $this;
    }

    public function getItems()
    {
        return $this->items;
    }
}

再次測試，得到綠燈，測試通過。

$ ./vendor/bin/phpunit
PHPUnit 8.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Runtime:       PHP 7.2.31 with Xdebug 2.8.1
Configuration: C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart\phpunit.xml

..                                                                  2 / 2 (100%)

Time: 461 ms, Memory: 4.00 MB

OK (2 tests, 2 assertions)

測試計算總價

    public function testGetCartTotal()
    {
        $cart = new Cart();

        $item = [
            'name' => 'pen',
            'price' => 100,
            'qty' => 1
        ];
        $cart->putItem($item);

        $item = [
            'name' => 'eraser',
            'price' => 200,
            'qty' => 2
        ];
        $cart->putItem($item);

        $this->assertEquals(500, $cart->total());
    }

紅燈

$ ./vendor/bin/phpunit
PHPUnit 8.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Runtime:       PHP 7.2.31 with Xdebug 2.8.1
Configuration: C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart\phpunit.xml

..E                                                                 3 / 3 (100%)

Time: 474 ms, Memory: 4.00 MB

There was 1 error:

1) CartTest::testGetCartTotal
Error: Call to undefined method Ceparadise168\Cart\Cart::total()

C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart\tests\CartTest.php:46

ERRORS!
Tests: 3, Assertions: 2, Errors: 1.

增加計算總價方法

    public function total()
    {
        $items = $this->getItems();

        $total = 0;

        foreach ($items as $item) {
            $total += $item['price'] * $item['qty'];
        }

        return $total;
    }

綠燈

$ ./vendor/bin/phpunit
PHPUnit 8.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Runtime:       PHP 7.2.31 with Xdebug 2.8.1
Configuration: C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart\phpunit.xml

...                                                                 3 / 3 (100%)

Time: 469 ms, Memory: 4.00 MB

OK (3 tests, 3 assertions)

測試計算商品數量

    public function testTotalQuantityShouldGetTotalQuantityOfCartItems()
    {
        $cart = new Cart();

        $item = [
            'name' => 'pen',
            'price' => 100,
            'qty' => 1
        ];
        $cart->putItem($item);

        $item = [
            'name' => 'eraser',
            'price' => 200,
            'qty' => 2
        ];
        $cart->putItem($item);

        $this->assertEquals(500, $cart->getTotalQuantity());
    }

紅燈

$ ./vendor/bin/phpunit
PHPUnit 8.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Runtime:       PHP 7.2.31 with Xdebug 2.8.1
Configuration: C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart\phpunit.xml

...E                                                                4 / 4 (100%)

Time: 471 ms, Memory: 4.00 MB

There was 1 error:

1) CartTest::testTotalQuantityShouldGetTotalQuantityOfCartItems
Error: Call to undefined method Ceparadise168\Cart\Cart::getTotalQuantity()

C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart\tests\CartTest.php:67

ERRORS!
Tests: 4, Assertions: 3, Errors: 1.

增加計算商品數量方法

    public function getTotalQuantity()
    {
        $items = $this->getItems();

        $totalQuantity = 0;

        foreach ($items as $item) {
            $totalQuantity += $item['qty'];
        }

        return $totalQuantity;
    }

綠燈

$ ./vendor/bin/phpunit
PHPUnit 8.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Runtime:       PHP 7.2.31 with Xdebug 2.8.1
Configuration: C:\Users\cepar\Desktop\projects\TQ\Cart\packges\ceparadise168\cart\phpunit.xml

....                                                                4 / 4 (100%)

Time: 465 ms, Memory: 4.00 MB

OK (4 tests, 4 assertions)

整合 CircleCi

# PHP CircleCI 2.0 configuration file
#
# Check https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/language-php/ for more details
#
version: 2
jobs:
  build:
    docker:
      # Specify the version you desire here
      - image: circleci/php:7.1-node-browsers

      # Specify service dependencies here if necessary
      # CircleCI maintains a library of pre-built images
      # documented at https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/circleci-images/
      # Using the RAM variation mitigates I/O contention
      # for database intensive operations.
      # - image: circleci/mysql:5.7-ram
      #
      # - image: redis:2.8.19

    steps:
      - checkout

      - run: sudo apt update # PHP CircleCI 2.0 Configuration File# PHP CircleCI 2.0 Configuration File sudo apt install zlib1g-dev libsqlite3-dev
      - run: sudo docker-php-ext-install zip

      # Download and cache dependencies
      - restore_cache:
          keys:
            # "composer.lock" can be used if it is committed to the repo
            - v1-dependencies-{{ checksum "composer.json" }}
            # fallback to using the latest cache if no exact match is found
            - v1-dependencies-

      - run: composer install -n --prefer-dist

      - save_cache:
          key: v1-dependencies-{{ checksum "composer.json" }}
          paths:
            - ./vendor
      - restore_cache:
          keys:
            - node-v1-{{ checksum "package.json" }}
            - node-v1-
      - run: yarn install
      - save_cache:
          key: node-v1-{{ checksum "package.json" }}
          paths:
            - node_modules

      # prepare the database
      - run: touch storage/testing.sqlite
      - run: php artisan migrate --env=testing --database=sqlite_testing --force

      # run tests with phpunit or codecept
      #- run: ./vendor/bin/phpunit
      - run: ./vendor/bin/codecept build
      - run: ./vendor/bin/codecept run

最後面測試的 block 調整如下

      #- run: ./vendor/bin/codecept build
      #- run: ./vendor/bin/codecept run
      - run: ./vendor/bin/phpunit
      - run: ./vendor/bin/phpunit -c ./packges/ceparadise168/cart/phpunit.xml

建置失敗

PHP 版本太舊，找看看官方有沒有更新的

https://hub.docker.com/r/circleci/php/tags?page=1&name=7.2-node-browsers

調整 config.yaml 檔案修正以下問題

commit 5737444eb6496c82becd044743ca19af805d6fb8 (HEAD, origin/circleci-project-setup)
Author: eric_tu <ceparadise168@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Jul 9 03:00:52 2020 +0800

    [Bug] Fix no application encryption key has been specified

    - 建置測試流程新增測試環境 APP_KEY

commit 2289ca03591fdcb252ce8f850ade4c08f30e24e7
Author: eric_tu <ceparadise168@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Jul 9 02:39:53 2020 +0800

    [Bug] 修正 circleci config.yaml sed 未執行

commit c1cb28d5d8ded77f5fbef741ec4836405b505f7f
Author: eric_tu <ceparadise168@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Jul 9 02:34:52 2020 +0800

    [Bug] Fix testing env

    - circleci confix 新增複製 .env.testing 設定
    - 調整測試用資料庫設定

commit 80ece6c05dfc9e84124cbaa33e8902779359b513
Author: eric_tu <ceparadise168@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Jul 9 02:08:41 2020 +0800

    [Fix] Update circleci images with php72

調整內容如下

      # prepare the database
      - run: cp .env.example .env.testing
      - run: php artisan key:generate --env=testing
      - run: sed -i 's/DB_CONNECTION=mysql/DB_CONNECTION=sqlite/'  .env.testing
      - run: sed -i 's/DB_DATABASE=laravel/DB_DATABASE=:memory:/'  .env.testing
      - run: touch storage/testing.sqlite
      - run: php artisan migrate --env=testing --database=sqlite --force

      # run tests with phpunit or codecept
      #- run: ./vendor/bin/phpunit
      #- run: ./vendor/bin/codecept build
      #- run: ./vendor/bin/codecept run
      - run: ./vendor/bin/phpunit
      - run: ./vendor/bin/phpunit -c ./packges/ceparadise168/cart/phpunit.xml

成功